Bullmastiff
Bred in 19th-century England by gamekeepers to track and pin poachers, the Bullmastiff pairs great power with a surprisingly calm, gentle temperament. Devoted and naturally protective without aggression. It suits owners who'll commit to early training and socialisation of such a strong dog, and accept the drooling, snoring and shorter lifespan of a giant breed.
Bullmastiff scorecard
Overview
The Bullmastiff is a large, powerfully built working breed that combines the strength of the Mastiff with the speed and tenacity of the Bulldog, originally created to be a fearless yet controlled guardian. Standing around 61 to 69 centimetres at the shoulder and weighing roughly 41 to 59 kilograms, it is an imposing dog with a broad head, muscular frame and a famously calm, steady temperament. Despite its formidable appearance, the well-bred Bullmastiff is known as a gentle, affectionate family companion that is naturally protective without being aggressive.
A member of the Kennel Club's Working Group, the Bullmastiff suits owners who want a devoted, low-key giant with a surprisingly relaxed indoor character. The trade-offs are real, however: this is a very strong dog that needs early training and socialisation to be manageable, it tends to drool and snore, and like most giant breeds it has a comparatively short lifespan and is prone to certain serious health conditions. For a committed owner who can provide leadership, space and good preventive care, the Bullmastiff is a loyal and rewarding companion.
Good to know — a Bullmastiff needs plenty of space and better with some experience. Every dog is an individual, so meet a few and chat to a good breeder or rescue before deciding.
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History & origins
The Bullmastiff was developed in England in the 19th century, principally as a gamekeeper's dog tasked with tracking, catching and holding poachers on large estates without mauling them. To create a dog with the right balance of power, speed and restraint, breeders crossed the Mastiff with the Bulldog, aiming for an animal large and brave enough to overpower an intruder yet biddable enough to pin rather than savage. The resulting "Gamekeeper's Night Dog" was prized for its courage, silence on the approach and controllable aggression.
As the need for estate guarding declined, the Bullmastiff was refined into a more standardised companion and guard dog, and it was recognised as a distinct breed by the Kennel Club in the 1920s. From its working roots it carried forward the qualities still valued today: protectiveness, loyalty and a steady, level-headed temperament. The breed has since become established internationally as both a family guardian and show dog, while retaining the substantial build and guarding instincts of its origins.
Temperament & family fit
Bullmastiffs are typically calm, confident and deeply devoted to their families, combining a naturally protective instinct with an even, good-natured temperament. Indoors they are often surprisingly placid and affectionate, content to be close to their people, and they generally form strong bonds and can be patient and gentle with children they have been raised with. Their guarding heritage gives them an inherent alertness and willingness to protect, but a sound Bullmastiff is watchful and discerning rather than indiscriminately aggressive.
The breed does have an independent, strong-willed streak and can be reserved with strangers and assertive towards unfamiliar dogs, particularly of the same sex, so early socialisation is important. Because of their size and strength, any tendency towards stubbornness or territorial behaviour needs to be shaped through consistent training from puppyhood. Properly raised and socialised, the Bullmastiff is a dependable, dignified companion, but owners must always remember that they are responsible for a very powerful dog.
- Families with children of all ages
- Owners ready for consistent training
- Active homes with plenty of space
Training & intelligence
Training a Bullmastiff calls for early, consistent and reward-based methods, because while the breed is intelligent and keen to please its family, it also has an independent mind and considerable strength. Starting in puppyhood, before the dog reaches its full size, makes it far easier to instil good manners, reliable lead walking and a solid recall while the animal is still physically manageable. Calm, positive reinforcement works much better than harsh handling, which a Bullmastiff may simply resist.
Socialisation should run alongside obedience training, with careful, positive exposure to people, other dogs and everyday situations to ensure the breed's natural guarding instinct is well balanced. Owners should focus on teaching impulse control and good behaviour around visitors and other animals, since a poorly socialised guardian of this size can be difficult to manage. Given the breed's power and protective character, training is not optional but an essential, ongoing part of responsible ownership.
- Start socialisation & handling early
- Reward-based methods only — no harsh corrections
- Keep sessions short, calm and consistent
Exercise needs
A healthy adult Bullmastiff typically needs around 30 minutes (gentle, broken into shorter walks) a day (roughly 30–45 minutes), split across walks, play and a little training. A good sniffy walk, some play and a little training usually keeps them content. Puppies, seniors and dogs with health conditions need adjusted amounts — check with your vet.
Grooming & coat
The Bullmastiff has a short, dense coat that is low-maintenance and easy to care for, needing only a weekly brush to remove loose hair and keep it in good condition, with more frequent brushing helpful during moults. The breed's wrinkled face requires a little extra attention, as the folds should be checked and gently wiped to prevent moisture and dirt building up and causing skin irritation. Owners should also keep on top of routine care including nail trimming, ear checks and regular tooth brushing. Bullmastiffs are known to drool, so wiping the mouth area is a normal part of living with the breed.
- Brush occasionally to remove loose hair
- Bathe every few weeks or as needed
- Check ears, nails and teeth weekly
Feeding a Bullmastiff
Feed a Bullmastiff a complete, good-quality diet appropriate to its size and life stage, with controlled portions to maintain a healthy, lean body condition. Large and giant breeds have particular nutritional needs, and giant-breed puppies in particular benefit from a suitable diet that supports steady, controlled growth to protect developing bones and joints. Because excess weight places serious strain on the joints and heart of such a heavy dog, portions and treats should be measured rather than fed freely. As a deep-chested breed at risk of bloat, the Bullmastiff is best fed measured meals with vigorous exercise avoided immediately before and after eating, and fresh water should always be available.
A large breed
An adult Bullmastiff typically weighs 41–59kg, so a healthy Bullmastiff eats a fair amount compared with other breeds. Every feeding guide on a bag is written per kilo of body weight, not per breed — start there, then adjust to the dog in front of you.
Life stage
A large breed is usually done growing at 15–18 months, which is roughly when a puppy food has finished its job. With a typical lifespan of 8–10 years, there is a long adult stretch in the middle; switch to a senior food when your vet thinks it is worth it rather than on a birthday.
Joint support is worth looking for
Their size and frame put more load through the joints than a smaller dog carries, so a food with joint support on the label is worth reading for — and keeping them lean does more for their joints than any supplement.
Weight matters more than usual here
A long back or a heavy frame makes every extra kilo count twice. Weigh portions rather than eyeballing a scoop, and reduce the food rather than the walks if the waist starts to disappear.
This breed tends to bolt its food
A food-motivated dog will empty a bowl in under a minute given the chance. A slow feeder or a puzzle bowl turns a meal back into something that takes time, and splitting the daily ration across two or three meals helps as well.
A shallow, wide bowl suits a flat face
A flat-faced dog cannot reach into a deep bowl without pressing its nose into the sides, which is uncomfortable and makes it gulp air. A shallow bowl, and food that does not have to be chased around it, is the easier arrangement.
How much should a Bullmastiff weigh?
Adult 41–59kgfully grown at 15–18 months
| Age | Stage | Typical weight | Of adult size |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 weeks | Just home | 4.7–6.7 kg | 11% |
| 3 months | Young puppy | 7.6–11 kg | 19% |
| 6 months | Growing fast | 15.2–21.9 kg | 37% |
| 12 months | Adolescent | 30.5–43.8 kg | 74% |
| 15–18 months | Fully grown | 41–59 kg | 100% |
A guide, from the same rule of thumb our puppy growth predictor uses — each age is that share of the way to maturity for a large breed. Puppies grow fastest early, so a real puppy usually sits a little above the middle rows. Weigh yours and ask your vet if the number worries you.
Complete dog foods that suit a Bullmastiff
Complete foods from our range, matched to a Bullmastiff's size band and what the breed typically needs. Stock levels and delivery dates are live on each product.
Field & Trial Skinner S Field Trial Light Senior
A lower-fat dry food for older, overweight or less active dogs, including working breeds
From£9.85
Autarky Complete Grain Free Adult Turkey
Grain-free complete dry food for adult dogs, with turkey and a marine-algae joint care package
£12.79
Autarky Grain Free Tasty White Fish & Potato Complete
Grain-free dry dog food built around white fish meal rather than poultry
£12.99
Lily's Kitchen Lily S Kitchen Dog Lovely Lamb
Complete lamb-led dry dog food offered in two practical bag sizes
From£25.15
Burns Adult Large/Giant Breed Chicken and Brown Rice
Complete large-breed dry dog food with 23% chicken and brown rice
£59.99
Burgess Greyhound and Lurcher Chicken
Complete adult dry food formulated for the specific build of greyhounds and lurchers
£35.35
Naturo Senior Rice Poultry Variety 6pk
Six 400g trays across three recipes for senior dogs, with glucosamine and chondroitin
£10.29
Naturo Senior Dog Turkey with Rice and Vegetables 7pk
Turkey at 65% in a senior wet tray, with brown rice, vegetables and added joint support
£11.99
Vitalin Adult Dog Pork with Apple
Complete dry food for adult dogs of any age, led by pork, with citrus extract for dental support
From£11.99
Bullmastiff health & costs
Before bringing a Bullmastiff home it pays to budget for the whole picture — food, insurance, grooming and routine vet care all add up. The figures below are typical UK estimates for a healthy adult; your real costs vary with where you live, your dog's health and the cover you choose.
Food
£600–850 / year
Complete food sized to weight & life stage
Insurance
£35–62 / month
Lifetime cover — varies by age, breed & area
Grooming
£0–60 / year
Mostly DIY at home
Routine vet care
£200–450 / year
Vaccines, flea/worm, annual check
The Bullmastiff is a generally robust breed, but as a giant dog it has a comparatively short lifespan, typically around 8 to 10 years, and is predisposed to several significant health problems. Joint conditions such as hip and elbow dysplasia are a particular concern, as is the risk of bloat in this deep-chested breed, and the line also has an above-average susceptibility to certain cancers compared with smaller dogs. Responsible breeders health-test their stock, and buyers should ask to see hip and elbow scores and discuss the health history of the parents.
Maintaining a lean body weight is one of the most effective ways to protect a Bullmastiff's joints and overall health and to reduce the strain on its heart. Owners should be alert to the signs of bloat, which is a veterinary emergency, and keep up with routine preventive care including vaccination, parasite control and regular check-ups. Given the breed's shorter lifespan and predispositions, a good relationship with a vet experienced in giant breeds is valuable.
Common health conditions to be aware of
- Hip dysplasia - a malformation of the hip joint common in large and giant breeds that can lead to pain and arthritis; choose puppies from hip-scored parents.
- Elbow dysplasia - abnormal development of the elbow joint causing lameness and osteoarthritis, for which breeding stock should be screened.
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus (bloat) - a sudden, life-threatening twisting of the stomach in deep-chested breeds that requires immediate emergency veterinary treatment.
- Cancer - giant breeds, including the Bullmastiff, have a higher relative risk of certain cancers such as lymphoma; watch for unexplained lumps, weight loss or lethargy.
- Cardiac conditions - heart disease can affect large breeds, so any exercise intolerance or breathing difficulty should prompt a veterinary check.
- Entropion and other eye conditions - inward-rolling eyelids and related eye problems can occur and may need corrective treatment to keep the eyes comfortable.
These reflect typical, size- and coat-related risks for dogs like the Bullmastiff; individual breeds carry their own predispositions. Always buy from health-tested parents and speak to your vet — this isn't a diagnosis.
Protect against surprise bills
A single emergency can run into thousands. Lifetime insurance spreads the risk.
Estimate insurance →How pet insurance works →Puppy & senior care
Bringing home a Bullmastiff puppy
Puppies need controlled exercise (a rough guide is five minutes per month of age, twice a day) to protect growing joints, little-and-often meals of a complete puppy food, early socialisation, and a calm routine for toilet training and sleep. Book first vaccinations, microchipping and a vet check early.
New puppy checklist →Caring for a senior Bullmastiff
As they age, watch weight, joints and teeth, switch to a senior diet if your vet advises, keep exercise gentle but regular, and consider orthopaedic bedding and ramps. Twice-yearly vet checks help catch issues early — larger breeds age sooner, so start senior care from around 6–7 years.
Orthopaedic beds & mobility →Pros & cons
The good bits
- Calm, devoted and naturally protective
- Surprisingly low-key indoors
Things to consider
- Very strong — needs early training and socialisation
- Drools, snores and has a shorter giant-breed lifespan
Bullmastiff health & care guides
In-depth, vet-sensible guides written for Bullmastiff owners:
Compare the Bullmastiff
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Dobermann
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Siberian Husky
A stunning, independent sled dog built for endurance — beautiful, but a real handful for the unprepared.
Similar temperament
English Mastiff
One of the heaviest breeds of all — a calm, gentle and devoted giant that is quiet and low-energy indoors.
Dogue de Bordeaux
The French mastiff — powerful, calm and devoted, with a famously soulful wrinkled face and a short lifespan.
Broholmer
A large, calm Danish mastiff-type guarding dog. Good-natured and steady with its family, watchful with strangers, and surprisingly low-key indoors for its size.
French Bulldog
A compact, easy-going companion that suits flats and modest exercise — but with serious health considerations.
Similar size, different type
Labrador Retriever
The UK’s most popular family dog — friendly, biddable and brilliant with children, but needs proper exercise.
Golden Retriever
Gentle, eager-to-please and devoted — a classic family companion that thrives on company and exercise.
German Shepherd
A loyal, courageous and highly trainable working dog that needs experienced handling and plenty to do.
Greyhound
The ultimate couch potato — despite their racing reputation, retired greyhounds need surprisingly little exercise.
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Frequently asked questions
How long do Bullmastiffs live?
Bullmastiffs typically live to around 8–10 years. As a giant breed their lifespan is naturally shorter than smaller dogs, but buying from health-tested parents, keeping your dog lean, managing the breed's known issues promptly, and staying on top of preventive vet care all help yours reach the upper end of that range.
What health problems are Bullmastiffs prone to?
Bullmastiffs are prone to hip and elbow dysplasia, bloat (GDV — a life-threatening emergency in deep-chested breeds), and certain cancers, with lymphoma noted in the breed. Heart conditions such as subvalvular aortic stenosis, plus eyelid problems like entropion, are also seen. Buying from a health-testing breeder and seeking prompt vet attention for any unexplained changes reduces the impact.
Are Bullmastiffs good family dogs?
Bullmastiffs are devoted, calm and naturally protective family guardians that are often gentle and affectionate with their own household. They're powerful dogs, so they need early socialisation, positive training and supervision around small children. They suit owners who'll put in that early groundwork. With a confident, kind hand they make loyal, steady companions rather than highly excitable ones.
Are Bullmastiffs banned in the UK?
No — the Bullmastiff is not a banned breed in the UK and is fully recognised by the Kennel Club. The breeds restricted under the Dangerous Dogs Act are a specific named list that does not include the Bullmastiff. As with any large, powerful dog, responsible ownership — early socialisation, positive training and secure control in public — is essential.
Do Bullmastiffs drool a lot?
Yes — Bullmastiffs are droolers. Their loose lips (flews) and slightly shortened muzzle mean saliva collects and gets flung around, especially after eating, drinking or exercise. Keeping a cloth to hand, wiping the facial folds clean and dry, and accepting a bit of mess are part of life with the breed. It's normal, not a sign of illness in itself.
How big do Bullmastiffs get?
Bullmastiffs are a giant breed. Males typically stand around 64–69cm at the shoulder and weigh roughly 50–59kg; females are a little smaller at about 61–66cm and 41–50kg. They're powerfully built and strong, so good training, careful socialisation and a lean body condition all matter for managing and caring for a dog of this size.
Do Bullmastiffs cope well in hot weather?
Not especially. Bullmastiffs are moderately brachycephalic — their shortened muzzle makes cooling by panting less efficient, so they're more heat-sensitive than longer-nosed breeds and can snore or breathe noisily. Walk in the cool of the day in summer, never leave them in a warm car or conservatory, provide shade and water, and watch closely for any signs of overheating.
How much exercise does a Bullmastiff need?
Bullmastiffs need moderate exercise — typically a couple of steady walks a day for an adult, rather than long, fast or repetitive runs. As a giant breed their growing joints are vulnerable, so puppies need careful, limited exercise. Avoid strenuous activity in the heat or straight after meals, and keep your dog lean to protect those joints throughout life.
At what age is a Bullmastiff a senior?
As a giant breed, a Bullmastiff is generally considered senior from around six years old. It's a sensible point to move to twice-yearly vet checks, watch closely for the breed's heart, joint and cancer-related issues, keep an eye on weight, and adapt exercise and bedding to support a large, ageing body.
How can I help my Bullmastiff live longer?
Keep them lean, feed measured meals from a raised, calm setup to reduce bloat risk, and stay alert to lumps, breathing changes, exercise intolerance and any unexplained tiredness given the breed's cancer and heart predispositions — early vet attention makes a real difference. Add joint-protecting exercise, heat care, and routine check-ups, and choose a puppy from health-tested parents.
Are Bullmastiffs good with children?
Good with children. As a general guide, Bullmastiffs tend to be patient and tolerant. Whatever the breed, always supervise dogs and young children and teach kids to interact gently.
How much exercise does a Bullmastiff need?
As a healthy adult, a typical Bullmastiff needs around 30 minutes (gentle, broken into shorter walks) of exercise a day (30–45 minutes), split across walks plus play. A good sniffy walk plus some play and training usually keeps them happy. Puppies, seniors and dogs with health conditions need less — ask your vet.
Do Bullmastiffs shed a lot?
Moderate shedding. Coat upkeep is wash-and-go — a quick brush now and then is usually enough.
Are Bullmastiffs easy to train and good for first-time owners?
Better with some experience. Bullmastiffs are best for owners ready to commit to consistent training and plenty of activity. Reward-based training and early socialisation help any dog.
Do Bullmastiffs bark a lot?
Quiet. They are usually fairly easy-going about barking, though any dog will bark if bored or under-exercised.
Are Bullmastiffs good with other dogs?
Generally fine with other dogs. Early, positive socialisation with other dogs from a young age makes a big difference.
Do Bullmastiffs suit flats or smaller homes?
Needs plenty of space. A Bullmastiff really needs plenty of space and a lot of daily activity — not ideal for a small flat.
Sources
- The Kennel Club (UK) - Bullmastiff breed information, breed standard and Working Group classification: https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/breeds/bullmastiff/
- The Kennel Club (UK) - Breed health, including hip and elbow scoring schemes for large breeds: https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/health-and-dog-care/health/
- PDSA - Large and giant breed care, bloat awareness and weight management guidance: https://www.pdsa.org.uk/pet-help-and-advice/looking-after-your-pet/dogs
- Royal Veterinary College (RVC) VetCompass - Research on health, lifespan and disease in giant breeds: https://www.rvc.ac.uk/vetcompass
Recommended for your Bullmastiff
Matched to a Bullmastiff's size and their typical need for no-pull walking kit, a cosy bed, joint & mobility support.
Reflective Two-Tone Dog Harness and Lead Set
A bright two-tone step-in dog harness with a matching lead. Adjustable straps and quick-release buckles give a snug fit, while reflective trim keeps your dog visible on darker walks.
£7.99
L-Shaped Bolster Sofa Dog Bed
A supportive L-shaped sofa bed with a raised bolster back and side for your dog to rest their head. The thick padded base cushions joints, and the soft rose-velvet cover is removable and washable for easy care.
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Ice-Silk Sofa Cover Pet Protector
A cool, smooth ice-silk sofa cover with a frilled, scalloped trim that shields your couch from pet hair, scratches and spills. Breathable for summer, it keeps furniture looking fresh while giving pets a soft spot to lounge.
From£11.99
Plush Snuffle Foraging Mat
A roll-up plush snuffle mat with cute animal designs. Hide treats in the folds and let your pet sniff and forage to find them - a rewarding enrichment game that beats boredom and slows feeding.
£13.99
Oval Bolstered Nest Pet Bed
A deep oval nest bed with high ribbed-plush bolster walls that cradle pets for a sense of security. The soft cushioned base offers a warm, supportive spot to curl up and sleep.
From£28.99
Plush Bee Cat Harness and Lead Set
A soft plush cat harness with a 3D bee charm and a matching lead, adjustable at neck and chest, made for kittens, cats and very small dogs on gentle outings.
£7.99
Corduroy Dog Harness with Bow
A soft corduroy step-in dog harness with breathable mesh lining and gold-tone alloy buckles. The adjustable fit and pretty bow detail make walks comfortable and stylish for small and medium dogs.
From£7.99
Suggestions based on breed traits — always check sizing and suitability for your individual dog.
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Every dog is an individual — temperament and needs vary. Please research thoroughly, meet dogs in person, and consider adopting from a rescue. This is general guidance, not a substitute for advice from your vet or a qualified trainer.